普洱学院学报

探究灵长类动物的活动节律能够更加直观地反映生态环境保护的成效，为保护和有效利用野生动物提供理论支撑。2017年1月至2017年12月，为探究重庆金佛山国家级自然保护区猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的活动节律，对重庆金佛山国家级自然保护区内猕猴的活动节律进行红外相机监测。结果表明：(1)猕猴的日活动节律存在显著差异(c²=73.542,df=22,P<0.01)，上午9:00-10:00以及下午17:00-18:00是猕猴的日活动峰值，觅食活动最频繁。为了避开中午的高温，减少体能的消耗，同时也能防止身体水分的流失所以猕猴中午的活动频率最低。(2)猕猴的月活动节律存在显著差异(c²=110.765,df=11,P<0.01)，在11月的时候，因食物充足所以活动强度增大，从12月开始猕猴采取能量消耗最小化行为策略来应对食物的短缺。(3)猕猴在不同季节活动频率不同，其在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的活动强度分别为15.69%、20.92%、39.87%、23.53%，秋季的活动强度最高，春季活动强度最低。

Investigating the activity rhythms of primates provides a tangible reflection of the effectiveness of ecological environment protection and therefore offers theoretical support for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wildlife. From January 2017 to December 2017, infrared camera monitoring was conducted to investigate the activity rhythms of rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)within Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve in Chongqing,China. The results indicate that(1) The diurnal activity rhythm of rhesus macaques varies significantly(c²=73.542, df=22, P<0.01). Two pronounced peaks occur between 09:00–10:00 and 17:00–18:00, during which foraging activities are most frequent. The lowest activity intensity occurs at midday due to reduced activity frequency, as macaques avoid the intense midday heat to minimize energy expenditure and prevent excessive water loss from their bodies.(2)The monthly activity rhythms of macaques also show significant variation(c²=110.765, df=11, P<0.01). Activity frequency peaks in November, which is closely related to the distribution, abundance, and quality of food resources. During this period, food availability is high, and macaques increase their activity intensity to store energy for winter. From December onwards, they adopt a behavioral strategy of minimizing energy expenditure in response to food scarcity.(3)The activity frequency of macaques varies across seasons, with activity intensities in spring, summer, autumn, and winter being 15.69%, 20.92%, 39.87%, and 23.53% respectively. Macaques are most active in autumn when their preferred foods are abundant, facilitating energy storage for winter. Comparatively, spring marks the lowest activity intensity of macaques. As plant growth resumes, available food for them mainly consists of buds and spores. With a wider variety of available food sources, their activity frequency remains low. This pattern is also associated with the breeding season for this species.